"I-Ethernet ayinakho ukumiswa kwe-IP okuvumelekile" Umlayezo wephutha ovela kaningi esikrinini sekhompyutha yethu lapho siya ukuxhuma ku-inthanethi. Umlayezo ocasulayo impela. Iphutha lingenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukene. Ukwazi ukuthi ungazihlonza kanjani kuyisihluthulelo sokusebenzisa isixazululo esihambisanayo.
Khumbula ukuthi uma sikhuluma nge-Ethernet sibhekisa engxenyeni enentambo yoxhumo lwe-inthanethi lwekhompyutha. Uma, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa uxhumano lwe-WiFi, sikhetha inketho yokuxhuma imishini yethu ngqo kumzila, esikudingayo Ikhebula le-Ethernet. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi singasebenzisa isivinini esigcwele namandla okuxhuma, kuyilapho sigwema iziphazamiso ezivame ukukhiqiza ukuxhumana okungenantambo.
Kungani leli phutha livela?
Umsuka wephutha elithi "i-Ethernet ayinakho ukucushwa kwe-IP evumelekile" ingahluka kakhulu, nakuba sithola izinkomba ezibalulekile kumlayezo ngokwawo: Isikhangiso se-IP, okuyinombolo ekhomba wonke amakhompyutha axhunywe kunethiwekhi efanayo, ayaziwa.
Leli phutha libhaliswe kwezinye izinkomba zekhompyutha. Ngokwesibonelo, ibonisa a unxantathu wephutha ophuzi ngophawu lwesibabazo ekhoneni elingaphakathi kwesokunxele kwesikrini. Nathi siyayithola uma siya "Inethiwekhi yesikhungo nokwabelana", ezama ukuxazulula inkinga. Lapho kuvela umlayezo wephutha "wenethiwekhi engaziwa".
Ngakho-ke umlayezo usazisa kuphela ukuthi iphutha lesabelo se-IP lenzekile ngemva kokuxhuma umzila nekhompyutha, kodwa uyini umsuka walo? I izizathu ezivamile imvamisa kuba okulandelayo:
- Inani elingalungile kumaski e-subnet yekhompyutha.
- Amaphutha esango.
- Izinkinga ze-DNS.
- Ukwehluleka kweWindows, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezibuyekezo.
Izixazululo ze-'Ethernet azinakho ukucushwa kwe-IP okuvumelekile'
Ngokucabangela ukuthi izizathu ezingaholela kuleli phutha zihlukile, sizobhala izindlela ezifanele kakhulu zokulixazulula. Kungcono ukuzama ngayinye yazo ngendlela esethula ngayo:
Amasheke okuqala
Ngaphambi kokungena ezisombululweni zangempela, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhipha izinkinga ezisobala kakhulu. Ngakho sizokwenza ukuhlola okulandelayo ukuze sikukhiphe:
- Hlola ukuthi i-IP ikumodi ezenzakalelayo. Ngalokhu sizokwenza okulandelayo:
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- Ake siye "Phakathi kwenethiwekhi nokwabelana", lapho sizokhetha khona inketho "Shintshela kuzilungiselelo ze-adaptha."
- Ukuchofoza inkinobho engakwesokudla kuzoveza iwindi "I-Ethernet Properties".
- Lapho sizokwenza "Izakhiwo: Inguqulo ye-Internet Protocol 4 (TCP/IPv4)".
- Kulesi sigaba sihlola ukuthi inketho icushiwe "Thola ikheli le-IP ngokuzenzakalelayo".
- Hlola irutha ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi iphrothokholi ye-DHCP yenziwe yasebenza.
- Faka kabusha umshayeli wekhadi lenethiwekhi ngalezi zinyathelo:
- Ake siye "Umphathi wedivayisi".
- Lapho siyakhetha "Ama-adaptha wenethiwekhi".
- Ohlwini oluvelayo, sikhetha ikhadi lethu futhi, ngenkinobho efanele, siyakhetha "Khipha".
- Ekugcineni, siqala kabusha ikhompuyutha.
Qala kabusha irutha nekhompyutha
Yebo, isixazululo esingcolile, kodwa sisebenza kahle ezimweni eziningi, futhi hhayi nje ukuxazulula inkinga ye-'Ethernet ayinakho ukucushwa kwe-IP evumelekile', kodwa futhi nabanye abaningi. Ku Vula bese uvala, zombili izisetshenziswa ziyaxhuma futhi. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukuthi amaphutha amancane okugcina isikhathi enze ukuxhumana kube nzima ngaphambilini manje asenyamalele.
Ukuze le nqubo isebenze, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ushiye womabili amadivaysi evaliwe imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokuwavula futhi. Uma ngemuva kwalokhu iphutha liqhubeka, kuzodingeka uzame qala kabusha kokubili ikhompyutha kanye router.
Setha kabusha izilungiselelo zokuxhuma
Ngamanye amazwi, buyela endaweni yokuqala, ngomzuzu owodwa womdlalo. Ukuze ulungise amanani okumisa uxhumano, udinga ukuba nezimvume zomlawuli. Nansi indlela yokuqhubeka:
- Okokuqala, sivula imenyu yokuqala bese uthayipha "Cmd". Iwindi le-Command Prompt lizovela.
- Kuyo, sizobhala ezintathu ezilandelayo imiyalo, ucindezela u-Enter ngemva kwazo zonke:
- ukukhishwa kwe-ipconfig
- ipconfig-flushdns
- ipconfig-vuselela
Ukuze ulondoloze izinguquko, kufanele uqale kabusha uhlelo.
Setha kabusha amasokhethi e-TCP IP
I-Los izisekelo yizici ezenza kube khona ukushintshana okuphephile kwedatha phakathi kwezinhlelo ezimbili. Kungenzeka ukuthi umsuka wephutha elisikhathazayo kulokhu okuthunyelwe utholwe kanje. Ukuze uyixazulule, kufanele uqhubeke ukuyisetha kabusha ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo:
- Siphinde sivule imenyu yokuqala bese sibhala "Cmd" ukuletha iwindi le-Command Prompt.
- Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinyathelo esilandelayo, nqamula ikhebula le-Ethernet kukhompuyutha.
- Uma lokhu sekwenziwe, sibhala umyalo I-neth winsock kabusha bese uqhafaza Faka.
Lapho inqubo isiqediwe, kufanele uqale kabusha ikhompuyutha futhi uyixhume futhi kumzila ngekhebula le-Ethernet. Iphutha lizobe lingasekho.
Shintsha i-DNS
Esinye isisombululo esidala kwesinye isikhathi esiwusizo ukususa i-'Ethernet ayinayo inkinga yokucushwa kwe-IP evumelekile'. Umqondo uwukuhlola shintsha i-DNS ngesandla nge-DNS ethile enconyiwe, ezohluka kuleyo esinikezwe ngu-opharetha wethu we-inthanethi. Ukwenza kanjena:
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- Siyacindezela I-Windows + R nasebhokisini elivelayo sibhala ncpa.cpl
- Bese ucindezela u-Enter ukuze uvule iwindi lokumisa Ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi.
- Ngenkinobho engakwesokudla sichofoza kuyo "I-Ethernet Properties".
- Lapho, ohlwini, sikhetha inketho "Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)".
- Manje kufanele uvule inketho "Sebenzisa amakheli eseva ye-DNS alandelayo" bese ufaka i-DNS entsha ofuna ukuyisebenzisa.
Yini okufanele uyibhale njenge-DNS entsha? Umqondo omuhle ukuwuzama ngawo I-OpenDNS, i-DNS yayo eyinhloko neyesibili ingu-208.67.222.222 kanye no-208.67.220.220. Abanye abasebenzisi bayeluleka ukusebenzisa i- I-Google DNS. Amakheli abo ngu-8.8.8.8 kanye no-8.8.4.4. Kukhona futhi inketho ye-Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 kanye ne-1.0.0.1.
Uma, ngemva kokushintsha i-DNS, inkinga inyamalala, isinqumo sokugcina i-DNS entsha sizoba kithi. Uma kungenjalo, ingatholakala ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi, nakuba kuzodingeka ukuthi uqhubeke ubheka umthombo wephutha.
Ukulungiswa kabusha kwezakhiwo ze-inthanethi okwenziwa ngesandla
I-cartridge yokugcina: ukwenza umsebenzi we-router yesabelo esizenzakalelayo se-IP ngezandla zethu. Ukufeza lokhu, sizolandela izinyathelo ezifanayo ezichazwe esigabeni esandulele, kodwa sethula ushintsho ngemuva kwesinyathelo sesi-4: kuleli qophelo sichofoza «Izici» futhi, efasiteleni elivuleka ngemva kwalokho, siyaqinisekisa ukuthi inketho ethi "Thola ikheli leseva ye-DNS ngokuzenzakalelayo" yenziwe yasebenza, okungenzeka ukuthi ikhutshazwe ngephutha.
Ukuze uqedele, kufanele uqale kabusha irutha bese uzama futhi.