Kana uchishandisa Excel nekamwe kanguva, zvinogoneka kuti wakambotendeukira kune solver, iyo yekuwedzera kuMicrosoft Office spreadsheet chirongwa chatinogona kuita masvomhu kuti tiwane mhedzisiro nenzira yakasiyana uye yakanatswa. Mune ino post tichaona chaizvo kuti ndeyei uye kuti inoshanda sei.
Solver, iro muchiSpanish rinoreva "solver" izita rinoshandiswa mumunda wekombuta kureva zvishandiso kana zviridzwa zvinosanganisirwa muchirongwa chine chinangwa chikuru chiri gadzirisa dambudziko remasvomhu.
Naizvozvo, iyo Excel Solver chishandiso chekuverenga chinogona kunyanya kushanda mune mamwe mamiriro, chinhu chakakosha sosi kana uchironga basa mumunda we Logistics kana masisitimu ekugadzira. Chishandiso chayo chikuru ndechekuona iyo yakanyanya kana kushomeka kukosha kwesero nekushandura hunhu hwemamwe maseru, kutsvaga zvakagadziridzwa zvinangwa zvemitsetse uye isiri-mutsara modhi. Tichazvitsanangura zvakadzama pazasi:
Variable maseru uye masero anotariswa
Kuti tinzwisise mashandiro anoita Solver uye kuti ingatibatsire sei, zvinodikanwa kuti titange tatsanangura pfungwa mbiri dzinokosha: masero akasiyana uye maseru anotariswa.
Hwaro hwekuti Solver inoshanda sei iri mu masero akasiyana, inonziwo sarudzo inoshanduka masero. Masero aya anoshandiswa kuverengera maformula umo chinangwa chemasero, inozivikanwawo se "kumanikidza". Zvinoitwa neSolver kugadzirisa hunhu hwemaseru anochinja kuti aenderane nemiganhu yakaiswa nemaseru ekumanikidza, nekudaro kuwana mhedzisiro yaunoda musero rinotarisirwa.
(*) Mazita akashandiswa mushanduro dzeSolver pamberi peExcel 2007 aive akasiyana: maseru anochinja ainzi "kuchinja maseru" kana "adjustable cells", ukuwo sero rinotangwa rainzi "target cell".
Maitiro ekushandisa Solver: muenzaniso wekushandisa
Zvese izvi zvingaita kunge zvakaoma, zvisinei, inonzwisiswa zviri nani nemuenzaniso. Izvi zvichatibatsira kuona kuti iyi Excel yekuwedzera-in inogona kubatsira sei:
Isu tinofungidzira kuti kambani inogadzira ine Excel sheet ine makoramu matatu, imwe neimwe inoenderana nechimwe chezvigadzirwa zvainogadzira: A, B uye C.
Kuti uite chimwe nechimwe chazvo unoda huwandu hwemhando nhatu dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa, zvinoratidzwa mumitsara X, Y uye Z. Ngatitii kuti ubudise chikwata chimwe cheA unoda chikamu chimwe chezvinhu X, zviviri zveY uye zvitatu kubva. Z. Kugadzira B neC, mamwe masanganiswa ehuwandu uye zvigadzirwa zvinodikanwa.
Isu tinowedzera chikamu chitsva (ngatichidaidzei D) tichinyora huwandu hwepamusoro huripo hwechimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi. Isu tinoisawo mutsara mutsva, pazasi, umo purofiti inogadzirwa nechikamu chimwe nechimwe chechigadzirwa chinotengeswa inotsanangurwa. Simple.
Ne data rese riri patafura, mubvunzo watinozvibvunza ndeuyu unotevera: Nzira yekuziva sei musanganiswa wakakwana wezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa uchifunga nezvehuwandu hushoma hwezvigadzirwa? Aya ndiwo maitiro atinofanira kuenderera mberi:
- Kutanga, tinoenda kune toolbar uye kuwana solver (kubvira Data, mapoka ongororo).
- Zvadaro tinosarudza iyo chinangwa sero (H8) uye, mupaneru, tinosarudza sarudzo "Max" uye mubhokisi Kushandura masero akasiyana tinonyora munyaya yedu, C10: E10.
- Isu tinowedzera zvirambidzo nekudzvanya bhatani "Wedzera": in cell reference H5:H7, kureva, sero renji raunoda kudzora kukosha; uye mu Kurambidzwa F5:F7.
- Pakupedzisira tinodzvanya bhatani "Gadzirisa" kuitira kuti mhedzisiro ioneke mumaseru emutsara wechigumi.
Uyu watakasimudza muenzaniso wakapfava. Mhosva inotaridzwa kuratidza zvakawanda kana zvishoma kubatsira uye kushanda kwechishandiso ichi. Chaizvoizvo, neSolver unogona kuita zvakanyanya kuomarara mashandiro. Ndokusaka zvichinakidza kumakambani uye nyanzvi dzinobata yakawanda data.
Algorithms inoshandiswa naSolver
Solver inoshanda nematatu akasiyana algorithms kana nzira dzekugadzirisa, iyo mushandisi anogona kusarudza kuburikidza nebhokisi rekutaura. Solver Parameters. Izvo zvinotevera:
- LP Simplex, kugadzirisa matambudziko emutsetse.
- Mhindumupindu, kugadzirisa matambudziko asina kugadziriswa.
- Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) Nonlinear, inoratidzirwa kugadzirisa matambudziko akatsetseka asiri emutsetse.
Iwe unogona kusarudza imwe nzira kana imwe kubva paSarudzo bhatani mubhokisi rebhokisi Solver parameters. Gare gare, zvinogoneka kuchengetedza akasiyana mhedzisiro inowanikwa kuburikidza neSolver mumaspredishiti akasiyana. Imwe neimwe yadzo inogona kuve neyavo Solver sarudzo, yekuzobvunzwa gare gare. Izvo zvakare zvinogoneka, kunyange zvinokurudzirwa, kutsanangura zvinopfuura dambudziko rimwe muspredishiti uchishandisa iyo Mutoro/Chengetedza sarudzo uye nokudaro chengetedza matambudziko ega.