La Ikhadi lezithombe Ingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile kunoma iyiphi ikhompuyutha, ikakhulukazi esimweni semishini elungiselelwe Imidlalo. Kule post sizozama ukuchaza ayini ngempela lamakhadi, imiphi imisebenzi eziyenzayo nokuthi zingaki izinhlobo zazo ezikhona.
Ngamanye amazwi, futhi njengoba negama layo libonisa, iyisici esinikezelwe ku- ukucutshungulwa kwedatha ehlobene nevidiyo nezithombe. Yonke into esiyibona esikrinini iwulwazi olucutshungulwe yileli khadi ukuze lilenze libonakale kithi.
Empeleni, ikhadi lemifanekiso (eyaziwa nangokuthi ikhadi levidiyo) liwukunwetshwa kwebhodi lomama lekhompyutha. Umsebenzi wayo uqukethe cubungula idatha ethunyelwe i-GPU yekhompuyutha, iguqule ibe ulwazi olubonakalayo bese uyinikeza kumonitha.
Njengoba lawa makhadi eneyunithi yawo yokucubungula, noma i-GPU, igama elifanayo livame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kuwo, nakuba lokhu kudida ngandlela thile. Ikhadi lezithombe libizwa nangokuthi i-adaptha yokubonisa, i-adaptha yevidiyo noma ikhadi, ngisho nekhadi le-accelerator yezithombe.
Isakhiwo sekhadi lezithombe
Yiziphi izinto ezakha ikhadi lemifanekiso? Izinto ezintathu eziyinhloko yi-GPU, inkumbulo ye-GRAM kanye ne-RMDAC, esiyichaza ngezansi:
GPU
Ingxenye eyinhloko, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i GPU o Iyunithi yokucubungula imidwebo. Kuwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokujikeleza olunezigidi zama-chips amancane, kanye nama-cores amaningana anamandla okucubungula azimele, anikezelwe ikakhulukazi ku-vertex kanye nokucubungula kwe-pixel. Uma ziba namandla kakhulu, ziba ngcono ikhwalithi yesithombe ekhiqizwa ikhadi lezithombe.
inkumbulo yegram
Esinye isici esiyisisekelo salawa makhadi yi- inkumbulo yegram (Inkumbulo Yokufinyelela Okungahleliwe), esheshisa inqubo yokugcina nokudlulisa idatha.
RAMDAC
Kubalulekile futhi RAMDAC, inkumbulo yokufinyelela okungahleliwe isiguquli sedijithali-kuya-analogi. Le ngxenye empeleni iyisiguquli esisetshenziselwa ukusuka kusiginali yedijithali iye kusignali ye-analog. Umsebenzi oyisisekelo wekhadi.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko, kufanele futhi sikhulume abalandeli noma amasinki okushisa, kuyadingeka ukuze ikhadi lezithombe lingashisi ngokweqile ngenkathi silisebenzisa kakhulu, njengalapho sichitha amahora namahora nomdlalo.
Isebenza kanjani
Ukuyichaza ngendlela ehlanganiswe kakhulu, izigaba ezimbili zingabonakala ngaphakathi kokusebenza kwekhadi lezithombe:
- ukucutshungulwa kwe-vertex, okuhlanganisa ukuthola ulwazi lwe-vertex olubalwe yi-CPU. Futhi ukuhlelwa kwayo kwendawo, ukuzungezisa kwayo, kanye nomsebenzi wokunquma ukuthi yiziphi kulezi zakhi ezizobonakala ngomdwebo.
- ukucutshungulwa kwephikseli, noma ukuvezwa okubonakalayo kwayo yonke le nqubo kusiqaphi sekhompuyutha yethu.
Okokugcina, kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhadi lehluzo nomqapha kungaba yizinhlobo ezahlukene (i-DVI, i-VGA, i-HDMI, i-DisplayPort noma i-USB-C), ngayinye enezici zayo.
Izinhlobo zamakhadi wezithombe
Uma sesiyazi ukuthi iyini nokuthi isebenza kanjani, kufika umbuzo omkhulu: Iliphi ikhadi lemifanekiso ongalikhetha? Impendulo izoncika ekutheni ikuphi ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile esizokunikeza ikhompuyutha yethu. Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile, ngaphandle kwezidingo ezinkulu, noma yiliphi ikhadi eliyisisekelo lizokwenza; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma sizonikezela i-PC yethu emdlalweni, kuzodingeka ukuthi sifake ikhadi lemifanekiso elinamandla.
Kufanele futhi kushiwo ukuthi amakhadi wehluzo awasebenzi nje kuphela ukuthola ulwazi olungcono ngemidlalo yevidiyo, futhi azosisiza ukudalwa kwezithombe, ukugqwayiza noma amaphrojekthi wokuqukethwe kwedijithali, Ngokwesibonelo. Baze bakhonze ama-cryptocurrensets ami.
Kodwa uma i-push iza ukusunduza, umbuzo ufinyelela ekukhetheni okulula phakathi kwemikhiqizo emibili emikhulu: I-NVIDIA noma i-AMD.
I-NVIDIA
Amakhadi ezithombe enziwe yi-NVIDIA athengiswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Lawa makhadi anawo Ubuchwepheshe be-DLSS, okuvumela ukusizakala kwamandla enethiwekhi ye-neural yokufunda ejulile, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuphule izinga lozimele futhi kuzuzwe ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo kwekhwalithi yesithombe.
AMD
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhadi e-AMD eza nobuchwepheshe Imemori ye-AMD Smart Access okufezwa ngayo ukuthuthuka okuhle ekusebenzeni kwegeyimu ngenxa yokuxhumana okumanzi phakathi kwama-Ryzen processors namakhadi ezithombe ze-Radeon.
Noma ngabe yikuphi ukukhetha kwethu, isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ukuthi kokubili ukulungiswa kanye nezinga lokuvuselela lemonitha yekhompyutha yethu kuhambisana nekhwalithi namandla ekhadi lezithombe esizolifaka. Kungashiwo okufanayo nge-CPU ne-RAM yemishini yethu.
Futhi esivele sikhuluma ngezintengo, kokubili uhlobo olulodwa kanye nolunye lunikeza izinhlobo eziningi zamamodeli amanani asukela ngaphansi kwama-euro angama-300 kuya ngaphezulu kwama-euro ayi-1.000.