I-bibliography enezichasiselo iyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yiliphi iphepha locwaningo noma iphepha lezazi. Kuyinto engeke yenziwe nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngoba ukusebenzisa indlela engalungile kungashiya umbhali wedokhumenti endaweni embi kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, iphrosesa yamagama ye-Microsoft isisiza ukuthi siyilungise kahle. Kule post siyachaza indlela yokubeka i-bibliography ngegama kahle.
Kodwa okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuchaza kahle ukuthi iyini incwadi yezincwadi nokuthi kungani ibaluleke kangaka kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi wocwaningo ozihloniphayo, noma ngabe umsebenzi wesikhungo ukukhulisa ibanga noma ithisisi yobudokotela. Umqondo uyafana.
Yini i-bibliography?
Ngomqondo obanzi, i-bibliography iyinhlanganisela ye imithombo yedokhumentari ehambisana nephepha noma i-athikili yocwaningo. Nakuba leli gama libhekisela ngokucacile izincwadiempeleni le mithombo Zingaba futhi idijithali noma i-audiovisual.
i-bibliography Ivamise ukufakwa ekugcineni kwedokhumenti futhi inga-odwa ngokwemibandela ehlukene, kodwa njalo ngendlela efanele uhlobo lombhalo owethulwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ezahlukene izitayela zokucaphuna (APA, Vancouver, Chicago, Harvard, MLA, njll.). Emithethweni yayo, inyuvesi ngayinye isungula ukuthi yiziphi izindlela okufanele zisetshenziswe lapho kufakwa i-bibliography emibhalweni yayo.
Yenza i-bibliography nge-Word: izingcaphuno nezinkomba
Ukwenza i-biography eyenza ukuthintana kokuphothula emsebenzini obhaliwe kuwumsebenzi olula ngenxa yosizo lwe Microsoft Word. Uma silandela iziqondiso ezifanele, umphumela uzoba ogqamile. Ake sibone ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani:
Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze beka ikhesa ekhasini lokugcina ledokhumenti, ngemva kombhalo. Ngale ndlela, i-bibliography esizoyifaka izovela endaweni efanele: ekugcineni kwedokhumenti, njenge-appendix. Uma lokhu sekwenziwe, lezi zenzo ezilandelayo kufanele zenziwe:
- Kumenyu yezinketho, sikhetha ithebhu "Izinkomba".
- Manje sizoya "Isitayela", lapho sikhetha uhlobo lwesitayela sokucaphuna esizosisebenzisa.
- Ngemuva kwalokho sizokwenza kanjalo "faka i-quote".
- Ekugcineni, sikhetha "Engeza umthombo omusha" futhi sigcwalisa imininingwane efanayo.
Ngalezi zinyathelo ezine sizobe sesikutholile ukucushwa esizokusebenzisa kubhukwana elikudokhumenti yethu. Ukukhethwa kwesitayela nefonti kungase kuncike kakhulu ezidingweni zomuntu noma inhlangano lapho idokhumenti izokwethulwa khona njengokuthandwa kwethu kanye nezinkomba.
Ngemva kokusetha amapharamitha, nansi indlela esizofaka ngayo izingcaphuno nezinkomba encwadini yethu yezincwadi ku-Word ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo:
- Okokuqala sibeka ikhesa ekupheleni kombhalo esifuna ukuwucaphuna.
- Ngemuva kwalokho sichofoza ku "Amareferensi".
- Ngemuva kwalokho sizokwenza kanjalo "faka i-quote" futhi sikhetha umthombo esiwucaphunayo.
- Ekugcineni, ukwengeza eminye imininingwane, sichofoza "Izinketho ze-aphoyintimenti" bese kungena "Hlela i-aphoyintimenti".
Dala i-bibliography ngaphandle kwezingcaphuno noma izinkomba
Le ndlela yokwethula i-bibliography embhalweni obhaliwe ilula kakhulu futhi ivame kakhulu. Imane iqukethe ukudala uhlu olunemithombo ekhonjiwe kudokhumenti. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele wenze izinto ezimbili kuphela:
- Okokuqala sibeka i isikhombisi endaweni yombhalo lapho sifuna ukufaka khona i-bibliography (sesishilo kakade ukuthi indawo engcono kakhulu isiphetho).
- Ngemuva kwalokho sizokwenza kanjalo "Amareferensi" futhi ukusuka lapho kuya "I-Bibliography", lapho sikhetha khona ifomethi.
Amafomethi we-Bibliography
Uma lokhu sekwenziwe, singafaka ohlwini lwethu lwezincwadi ngokulandela imithetho eyisisekelo eyamukelwayo yokwenza kanjalo. Izinkomba zebhayibheli kufanele zethulwe ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu futhi zifake izici ezicacile zokukhomba idokhumenti ekhonjiwe: umbhali, isihloko, usuku, umshicileli, njll.
laba ababili amafomethi asetshenziswa kakhulu futhi abonakalayo. Ukukhetha eyodwa noma enye kuzoncika kakhulu kuhlobo lwedokhumenti:
I-APA
Izindinganiso ze-APA (I-American Psychological Association) ekuxhumaneni kwezazi sebenzisa isistimu ye-Harvard yosuku lombhali ukuze uthole izingcaphuno ezingaphakathi kombhalo. Ngale ndlela, ekugcineni kwedokhumenti kufakwe izikhombo zebhayibheli, njalo zihlelwe ngokwezinhlamvu ngesibongo sombhali wokuqala womsebenzi ngamunye.
Uma kuyinkomba yebhayibhili: Isibongo sombhali, uhlamvu lokuqala lwegama lokuqala. (Unyaka wokushicilelwa). Isihloko sebhuku ngama-ithalikhi. Idolobha nezwe. Okuhleliwe. Ngokwesibonelo:
Lansing, A. (1959) Ukukhuthazela: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage. London, United Kingdom. Abashicileli bamazwe ngamazwe.
Uma kuyikhasi lewebhu, i-oda yilo: Igama le-athikili. (Idethi yokushicilelwa noma ngaphandle kosuku "sf"). Igama lephothali yewebhu ngombhalo omalukeke. Igama lombhali (uma kuwumshicileli ofanayo wewebhusayithi, lokhu kufanele kukhishwe) Kutholwe ku-: URL yesayithi.
Vancouver
Izindinganiso zesitayela saseVancouver zokwethula incwadi yezincwadi zihluka kancane kulawo e-APA, nakuba asetshenziswa ngokulinganayo emazweni ngamazwe nasezindaweni ezihluke kakhulu. Lezi izi:
Ukucaphuna incwadi ephelele: Umbhali noma ababhali. Isihloko sencwadi. Uhlelo. Indawo yokushicilela (idolobha): Indawo yokuhlela; unyaka. Ukusebenzisa isibonelo esifanayo kusukela esigabeni sangaphambilini, kungaba kanje:
Lansing, A. Endurance: Uhambo Olumangalisayo luka-Shackleton. ELondon: Abashicileli Bamazwe Ngamazwe; 1959
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kukhulunywa ngesihloko ekhasini lewebhu, ukuhleleka okufanele yilo: Umbhali noma ababhali. Isihloko somsebenzi [I-inthanethi]. Indawo yokushicilela (idolobha): Indawo yokuhlela; Idethi yokushicilela [okubuyekeziwe/okukhulunywe ngakho (usuku)]. Itholakala ku: (isixhumanisi).
Amathiphu okulungiselela i-bibliography ngendlela efanele
Kuyafaneleka ukugcizelela embonweni wokuthi isiyalo kanye nendlela yokuqoqa imithombo esetshenzisiwe Zibalulekile ukwenza ibhiliyografi yomsebenzi ngendlela efanele. Ngisho, kuyabukeka. Akumelwe sikhohlwe iqiniso lokuthi i-bibliography kufanele ibe uhlu oluphelele noluthembekile lwayo yonke imithombo esetshenziselwe ukwenza umsebenzi. Amareferensi ezincwadi (izincwadi, izindatshana, njll.) yizona zinto ezihamba phambili, nakuba ezinye izinto ezinjengamakhasi ewebhu ngisho nezingcaphuno ezinkundleni zokuxhumana zingafakwa.
Ukuze siphumelele emgomweni wethu wokufaka i-bibliography ku-Word, nazi ezinye izincomo eziwusizo:
- Yonke imithombo esetshenziswe ngesikhathi socwaningo kumele yaziswe.
- Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ifomethi efanele yereferensi ngayinye.
- Ungakhohlwa ukufaka yonke imithombo ekhonjiwe kudokhumenti.